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Zhao has been engaged into the research and development of viral vaccines for decades. Since the 1960s, he successively led the R&D of cell culture smallpox vaccine, rubella attenuated live vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine derived from plasma at NVSI. In the late 80, he drove the collaboration between NVSI with the Shanghai Biochemical Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences on the development of a recombinant vaccinia hepatitis B vaccine, and then he led NVSI team to transfer the technology of recombinant yeast Hepatitis B from MSD to NVSI, and subsequently made further improvement on the quality and capacity of the vaccine, to meet the needs of hepatitis B immunization to newborn. In 1997, he was elected the Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering.